35例胸膜间皮瘤临床分析
35例胸膜间皮瘤临床分析 [摘要] 目的 探讨胸膜恶性间皮瘤的临床特点与治疗经验。方法 回顾性 分析中国医科大学附属第一医院1998年6月~2015年10月收治的35例胸膜恶性间 皮瘤患者的临床资料。
结果 全部35例患者中,15例术前曾存在不同程度的误诊, 误诊率为42.8%,1年生存率为60%,3年生存率为5.7%。大多数患者在术后3个月 ~1年复发,1年复发率为71.4%。
结论 胸膜恶性间皮瘤发病率低、恶性程度高、 预后差,应根据患者疾病分期、病理分型、心肺功能等因素综合考虑,制订个体 化治疗策略。
[关键词] 恶性间皮瘤;
诊断;
治疗 [Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment experience of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods The data of 35 cases of MPM were analyzed retrospectively in the First Hospital of China Medical University from June 1998 to October 2015. Results In all the patients, 15 cases was misdiagnosised, and the misdianosis rate was 42.8%. The 1-year-survival rate was 60% and the 3-year-survival rate was 5.7%. Most of the patients was recurrence during 3 months to 1 year after surgery, and the 1-year-recurrence rate was 71.4%. Conclusion MPM has low incidence, high grade malignance and bad prognosis. It should work out individualized treatment strategies considering the staging of disease, pathological type and cardiopulmonary function of each patient. [Key words] malignant pleural mesothelioma;
Dianosis;
Treatment恶性胸 膜间皮瘤(malignant pleural mesothelioma,MPM)是一种少见的起源于胸膜间 皮细胞的原发肿瘤,其发病率较低,仅占全部恶性肿瘤的0.02%~0.04%[1-2], 在我国恶性胸膜间皮瘤的发病率为0.3/10万~0.5/10万[3],云南楚雄州大姚县最 高。MPM早期临床症状不明显,影像缺乏特征性表现,容易误诊,且MPM恶性 度高、侵袭性强、预后差,治疗方法选择存在争议,总体中位生存期仅为 9~17 个月[4]。本文通过对中国医科大学附属第一医院(以下简称“我院”)胸外科收治 的MPM患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,结合国内外文献,探讨胸膜恶性间皮 瘤的治疗方法及预后。
1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 1998年6月~2015年10月我院收治MPM患者35例,其中男22例,女13例;
年龄22~85岁,中位年龄51岁。有石棉接触史9例,石棉接触时间为3个月~11 年,吸烟史17例,吸烟时间为5个月~33年。全部患者中,单纯胸痛12例,胸闷 气短10例,自发性液气胸5例,不明原因长期体热4例,其余均为体检发现。
1.2 影像学表现 所有患者术前均行胸部CT检查,30例患者提示胸膜存在不同程度增厚,5 例因胸腔积液较多,CT分辨率不足,无法准确显示评估胸膜。14例患者患侧单 侧胸腔积液,4例双侧胸腔积液,4例伴发肺内病变,4例伴胸膜钙化,6例伴纵隔 及肺门淋巴结肿大,1例与心包分界不清,1例侵及同侧部分胸壁及肋骨。完成增 强CT的28例患者中,22例胸膜存在不同程度的强化效应。
1.3 实验室及辅助检查 3例患者术前检查存在贫血,1例患者存在较重的低蛋白血症,蛋白为25 g/L,3例合并凝血异常,肿瘤系列诸如癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化 酶(NSE)、CA199等均可有不同程度的升高,因年代久远,部分患者未能完善 该项检查,故未予确切统计。18例合并胸腔积液患者,14例行胸腔积液穿刺引流, 所得胸水均行胸水常规及脱落细胞学检查。所有胸腔积液患者均为渗出液,4例 血性,9例淡黄色。胸腔积液中乳酸脱氢酶有不同程度的升高。脱落细胞学检查2 例发现轻度异性细胞,2例发现可疑肿瘤细胞。
1.4 手术及治疗方法 8例患者行胸膜切除术,5例行胸膜外全肺切除术,3例行肺叶切除术,1 例位于前纵隔行纵隔肿物切除术,1例因肿瘤与心包关系密切行胸膜及部分心包 切除术,1例因肿瘤侵及肋骨而行胸膜肺叶及部分肋骨切除术,5例行胸腔镜活检, 3例行开胸探查活检,其余患者依靠CT引导下穿刺明确诊断,确诊后行放化疗。
2 结果 全部35例患者中,15例曾存在不同程度的误诊,误诊率为42.8%,误诊为 结核性胸膜炎7例,胸膜转移瘤3例,肺癌2例,肺炎1例,纵隔肿瘤1例,孤立性 纤维瘤1例。14例在外院误诊,1例在我院误诊,确诊依据病理。术后病理示上皮 型11例,肉瘤型1例,混合型4例,其余患者未分型。根据Butchart分期法,Ⅰ期8 例,Ⅱ期16例,Ⅲ期7例,Ⅳ期4例。全组患者围术期无死亡,术后无致命并发症。
术中术后输血量0~3000 mL,术后住院时间7~52 d。术后开胸再止血1例,术后出现脓胸1例,术后心律失常4例,术后出现顽固性胸腔积液3例,均经积极治疗 后康复出院。术后定期复查肺CT,通过门诊或电话随访,观察有无复发及生存 期,规定确诊日期为随访零时。全部35例患者,失访2例,随访时间3个月~3年。
1年生存率为60%,3年生存率为5.7%。大多数患者在术后3个月~1年复发,1年 复发率为71.4%。
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